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The aim of this review was to assist decision-makers by identifying and summarising existing economic evaluations and cost-effectiveness analyses associated with the control and/or prevention of HAIs. Moreover, we identified common assumptions which would be desirable for a common framework to...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015289309
Social inequalities in Europe, both between and within Member States, can have serious consequences for health. Health inequalities among socially disadvantaged and advantaged EU citizens are at odds with the EU principles of solidarity, fairness, and equal opportunity for all. In 2009, the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015305228
This article surveys the empirical literature on how patents affect access to drugs in developing countries. In the short run, higher prices and lower access rates are very likely, notably for those countries that benefited from a competitive supply before the TRIPS agreement came into force....
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Based on a sample of 64 cartels convicted by the European Commission from 1975 to 2009 and a methodology allowing to estimate restitution and dissuasive fines to be imposed on cartels from microeconomic variables on a case by case basis, this paper compares the level of fines actually inflicted...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014206504
In 1991, Bryant and Eckard estimated the annual probability that a cartel would be detected by the US Federal authorities, conditional on being detected, to be at most between 13% and 17%. In this paper, we develop a general stochastic detection model so as to describe the dynamic that governs...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014224136
While consumers worry about their standard of living, the recent publication of the Beigbeder report on the low cost model draws our attention. The report proposes to use this economic model as a means for reducing prices and thus to increase purchasing power. For any competition specialist,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013226390
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