The structural diversity of the German banking market and the associated variety of business models is thought to have been an important factor in the stability of the German banking market in recent decades. This diversity is manifested both in the three-pillar structure of the German banking...

Between July and December 2022, the European Central Bank (ECB) raised its key interest rate by a very substantial 250 basis points. This interest-rate shock presented the German cooperative banks as well as many other credit institutions with huge challenges. The cooperative banks suffered a...

Banks play a central role in the functioning of the economy. Not only do they allocate financial resources, they also collectively create money in the process of granting loans. In this way, they have a considerable impact on the type of activities that are financed in society. During the...

The structural diversity of the German banking market and the associated variety of business models is thought to have been an important factor in the stability of the German banking market in recent decades. This diversity is manifested both in the three-pillar structure of the German banking...

The Capital Markets Union (CMU) is a flagship project of the European Commission that promotes a deepening of the financial markets. It aims at opening up new sources of funding for SMEs, as well as improving the matching between savers and borrowers. Additionally, CMU is supposed to increase...

Between July and December 2022, the European Central Bank (ECB) raised its key interest rate by a very substantial 250 basis points. This interest-rate shock presented the German cooperative banks as well as many other credit institutions with huge challenges. The cooperative banks suffered a...