Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relative employment levels of return migrants in Finland with regard to their re‐adaptation into the labour market. Design/methodology/approach – Longitudinal census data distinguished Finns who had lived abroad and returned to Finland....

This paper compares wage income of Swedish-speaking and Finnish-speaking employees in the Helsinki metropolitan area. Longitudinal data are analysed with random-effects tobit models. We find that Swedish-speaking males on average have 17 per cent higher wages than Finnish-speaking males. Two...

The purpose of this paper is to study very early retirement as an indicator for poor health, with focus on a comparison between the two language groups in Finland. Extensive longitudinal data are analysed with the help of random effects probit models. As expected from previous studies of...

The purpose of this paper is to study very early retirement as an indicator for bad health, with focus on a comparison between the two language groups in Finland. Extensive longitudinal data are analysed with the help of random effects probit models. As expected from previous studies of...