An increased focus on consumer collective redress marks the shift from substance- to enforcement-oriented perspective in the EU consumer policy. The EU action in this regard is currently at the stage of feasibility study but it seems to be moving towards a mechanism protecting collective rather...

On March 24, 2004, the European Commission adopted a decision in the Microsoft case. This decision is likely to have a significant impact on the design of the computer programs market. The objective of this paper is to analyze economic consequences of the decision

In August 2008, the Polish Competition and Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) referred to the European Commission the results of its proceedings concerning the conditions of sale of laptops with a pre-installed Windows operating system. According to the CCPA, Microsoft and laptop manufacturers...

As a result of the review of the New Approach, a modernized regulatory framework for the marketing of goods and market surveillance will be applicable in the European Community beginning on January 1, 2010. The new comprehensive package of measures affects the governance of the Internal Market...