“Victim of the role that the institution itself has forced it to play, vocational educationand training in France has always presented a negative model in the eyes of the public atlarge” (Pelpel P. and Troger V., 1993)… until may be the creation of a new vocationaldiploma: the French...

The creation of the vocational baccalauréat track in 1985 contributed to a main innovation in the French initial secondary education system. In its objective and in its innovative way of learning combining sandwich courses (work and school places learning), this program offer students who were...

If some European countries started work on age management long ago, several reports confirmed the urgency and the complexity of age management in France. The low participation of French older workers in the labour market was the result of premature exclusion, within a context of high...

Europe is getting older – a simple observation with far-reaching implications. The challenges posed by an aging society are tremendous. As the baby boom generation grows older, it is doubtful that ever-longer retirement will continue to be beneficial and affordable for individuals or the...