This study deals with the matter to what extent the costs of the EU Emission Trade System (EU ETS) end up in the electricity prices. The study encompasses both a theoretical and an empirical review of electricity price formation. It includes an econometric analysis of electricity price formation...

The provision of transport infrastructure outside the most populated regions in Finland has been under budgetary pressure for more than decade. Many of these less populated areas suffer a decline of the population, which adds to the stress on these regional economies. The prolonged reduction in...

This report discusses the economic implications of the regulatory organisation of the European Emission Trade System (EU ETS) in the member states, and more in particular the consequences of differences between national regulations. It is part of a larger study regarding juridical aspects of the...

The present report provides an overview of the development of household consumption in Finland in the 20th century. The study has been carried out in the framework of the AESOPUS study funded by the Academy of Finland. The AESOPUS study aimed to map out the stocks and flows of nitrogen and...

An approach to analyse and quantify the impact of lifestyle factors on current and future energy demand is developed. Thereby not only directly environmentally relevant consumer activities such as car use or heating have been analysed, but also expenditure patterns which induce environmental...

The report discusses an experimental decision-making simulation session applied to a flood protection case study against the backdrop of flood risks reinforced by climate change. A diverse set of interest groups was represented in the session that was facilitated by risk analysts using...

This publication contains the proceedings of a VATT seminar held in November 1999 in Helsinki. The purpose of the seminar was to assess greenhouse gas policy questions and related socio-economic research implications for Finland. Contributions come from both policy makers and economic...

This is the final report on macro-economic cost assessment of a domestic climate policy programme for Finland. The core assessment work was done with an energy systems model (EFOM) soft linked with a macro-economic model (KESSU). The study was carried out in co-operation with VTT Energy. The...

This report gives an overview of the implications of electricity market liberalisation, with special reference to the Nordic market and Finland. The principal focus is on the functioning of the wholesale (generation) and retail (endusers) markets. Furthermore, the handling of risks and the...

This publication reports on the main findings of the entire TOLERATE project, which was an integrated natural science ? social science project for the assessment of climate changed induced changes of extreme weather events and their social-economic consequences at a regional level. It includes...