Empirical fiscal policy reaction functions based on ex post data cannot be said to describe fiscal policymakers intentions, since they utilise data which did not exist when their decisions were made. A characterisation of what fiscal policymakers were trying to do requires real time data. This...

In this paper we examine the consequences of having a Central Bank whose preferences are state contingent. This has been identified in the literature as a Central Bank that is 'rationally inattentive' or 'constructively ambiguous'. The new feature in this paper is that we show how the private...