Does greater access to education come at the expense of educational quality? What public policies can diminish the decline in quality of education when public funds are limited and enrollments are expanding?Developing countries have been quite successful at expanding school enrollment,...

Policymakers in most developing countries are concerned about high dropout rates and poor student learning in primary education. The government of the Philippines initiated the Dropout Intervention Program in 1990-92 as part of its effort to address these issues. Under this program, four...

Seit Jahrzehnten gehört es zu den Besonderheiten der Grundschulausbildung in den Philippinen, daß zwar ein hoher Prozentsatz der Kinder im entsprechenden Alter eingeschult wird, aber nicht weniger als 30% von ihnen wieder vor einem Abschluß (Grade 6) mit sehr geringem Wissensstand die Schule...

Organizing individual retirement accounts through the institutional market and with constrained choice could substantially lower administrative costs. The tradeoff: rebidding problems, weaker performance incentives, inflexibility in the face of unforeseen contingencies, and an increased...

April 1999 - Among three options for constructing funded social security pillars, one system - individual accounts invested in the institutional market, with constrained choice among investment companies - appears to offer reduced administrative and marketing costs, significant worker choice,...