Legislators are calling for a “systemic risk regulator”, in part to provide an early warning of financial conditions that threaten the real economy. To succeed, however, we need a forward-looking measure of systemic risk. Even more, we need a measure that varies with “pollution” from...

Modeling -- Foundation -- A model economy -- What is money? -- Money and the level of economic well-being -- Money in a classical economy -- Money in a Keynesian economy -- Should monetary policy be active? -- Is monetary policy active? -- Measuring monetary services -- Organizing the production...

Does auditor independence increase the quality of financial disclosures, and is regulation necessary to realize such improvements? Conventional wisdom answers “yes!,” but lacks support from scholarly studies. We thus investigate whether auditor independence affects earnings quality in ways...

Empirical studies of the external effects of R&D suggest that both geographic and technological distance attenuate inter-firm spillovers from innovative activity. The results presented here indicate that the tendency for R&D spillovers to localize economic activity is conditional on the...

We consider an environment in which participants make payments over a network and can invest in a technology that reduces the marginal cost of using the network. A network effect results in multiple equilibria; either all agents invest and usage of the network is high or no agents invest and...

Evidence is presented which suggest that an important measure of the apparent geographic localization of R&D spillovers may be an artifact of industrial agglomeration. A production function framework is used to examine the role of geographic and technological proximity for inter-firm spillovers...