This article provides a first step towards understanding the combined impact of energy, renewable and CO2 efficiency on countries’ overall productive performance. To this aim we employ a global-level data-set of 124 countries for the period 1990-2014. Overall, our analysis supports the idea...

Obstfeld (1994) shows that, for the same level of economic fundamentals, it may be optimal for a government either to devalue or to maintain the peg. Multiple equilibria occur: it is the phenomenon of self-fulfilling crisis. To avoid this kind of crisis, this article offers a new proposal: a...