Economic integration theory suggests that each member benefits from establishing a customs union; because the country that has relatively lower income will grow faster than the others, income and growth rates of all member countries will be equalised in the long-run. However, endogenous growth...

Empirical studies on tourism field for Turkey have illustrated little attention in modelling properly the demand function for tourism and identifying the main basis of tourism flows. The majority of studies take into consideration the demand side determinants of tourism, usually proxies by...

The existing empirical literature on the intensity of competition in developing countries shows that the persistence of profitability is smaller in developing than in advanced economies. To solve this controversy, Glen, Lee and Singh (2003) propose to look into the underlying sources of the...

The results of empirical studies on the 1980 Turkish economic reform programme frequently suggest that openness has a positive impact on growth in Turkey. However, the results of empirical literature on the relationship between openness and growth have always been under criticism for using...

The theoretical linkages between openness and long-run economic growth are established with the development of new growth theories. In this literature, it has been shown that openness affects economic growth through a number of channels and the direction of this effect is closely related to the...

This paper examines the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for Turkey during 1971–2006. We employed two multivariate models, namely demand model and production model, based on vector error correction model. Then, we tested Granger causality after finding...