How do property liability insurance companies choose their organizational forms and distribution channels? Prior studies have not yet provided a consistent conclusion. In this paper, we propose a reduced form approach to reexamine the relationship between organizational forms and distribution...

This paper proposes a discrete dynamic programming model to maintain pension contribution in a stable level. By assuming an intertemporal stable contribution rate, we derive an algorithm to calculate the optimal contribution that requires less exogenous information and produces more stable...

As the population ages and the deterioration of pension funds continue, hedging longevity risk is becoming increasingly important in Taiwan. This article analyzes the potential market for issuing longevity bonds to hedge against the longevity risk in Taiwan. Many recent studies have suggested...