This paper contributes to the literature on the modeling of survey forecasts using learning variables. We use individual industry data on yen-dollar exchange rate predictions at the two week, three month, and six month horizons supplied by the Japan Center for International Finance. Compared to...

We extend the existing literature on small mixed frequency single factor models by allowing for multiple factors, considering indicators in levels, and allowing for cointegration among the indicators. We capture the cointegrating relationships among the indicators by common factors modeled as...