Across the emerging world, policymakers are grappling with how to build retirement systems that meet the needs of their rapidly developing and rapidly aging societies. Nowhere is the challenge more urgent than in Asia, which is both developing and aging more rapidly than anywhere else on earth....

It is generally agreed that the macro-economic impact of increased oil prices on the balance of payments of developing countries during the 1970s was strongly negative. In PNG's case, oil imports rose from $US 15 million in 1971 to $US 206 million by 1981. The paper investigates the effects the...