In this paper, a spatial price equilibrium model with information asymmetry in quality is developed. Producers at the supply markets are aware of the quality of their products, whereas consumers, located at the demand markets, are aware only of the average quality of the products that are...

In this paper, we present a pharmaceutical supply chain network model with outsourcing under price and quality competition, in both equilibrium and dynamic versions. We consider a pharmaceutical firm that is engaged in determining the optimal pharmaceutical flows associated with its supply chain...

In this paper, we develop a global supply chain network model in which profit-maximizing firms engage in competition in the production and distribution of products in the presence of quantitative trade policy instruments in the form of tariff rate quotas. Tariff rate quotas are two-tiered...