Purpose – This study aims to focus on the perception of leader‐member exchange (LMX). It is assumed that the perceived quality of the relationship is not only related to the actual quality of the relationship, but also to followers' expectancies and preferences. However, little is known...

It is generally accepted that both measurement inequivalence and extreme response bias can seriously distort measurement of attitudes and subsequent causal models. However, these two issues have rarely been investigated together. In this article we demonstrate the flexibility of a multigroup...

When rating questions are used to measure attitudes or values in survey research a researcher might want to control for the effect of overall agreement with the set of items that is rated. The need for controlling for overall agreement arises when the set of items refers to conceptual opposite...

Protagonists of values theory such as Inglehart—among others—have argued that values should be conceived of as relative priorities rather than absolute preferences. As such they insist on using ranking techniques of measurement which generates choice data. In this study, we aim at validating...