This paper uses evidence from focus groups with consumers in England to consider how consumers understand and evaluate a range of proxies or intermediary organisations that offer assurance about food and consumer products, particularly voluntary certification schemes. This addresses the current...

This paper studies how anglers in northern England invoke models of equilibrium and 'the balance of nature' in making sense of the water environments where they regularly fish, and how they use these models as norms or ideals when designing environmental management, alongside an emphasis on...

Keywords: Consumers; Trust; Knowledge; Food assurance; Scepticism; Certification schemes

KEY WORDS: Salmon management, Scotland, animal geographies, quantification, knowledge