Efficient renewables deployment requires the minimisation of both internal generation costs and external transmission expansion planning (TEP) costs. Competitive pay-as-bid connection auctions allow wind energy generators to reveal their costs of generation such that internal generation costs...

In northern Europe wind energy became a dominating renewable energy source due to natural conditions and national support schemes. However, the uncertainty about wind generation affects existing network infrastructure and power production planning of generators and cannot not be fully diminished...

The growth of intermittent renewable power generation has been drawing attention to the design of balancing markets. Portugal is an interesting case study because wind generation already accounts for a high fraction of demand (23% in 2012-2016), but still there are no economic incentives for...