This paper examines the effects of the reform of the German Trade and Crafts Code of 2004, which removed entry requirements in 54 out of 95 crafts occupations. Since then, the Meister degree (advanced dual training degree) is no longer a prerequisite for opening a business in these occupations....

Multifunctional development of peri-urban agriculture is the central topic of this thesis. Farming structures and agricultural land use in their spatial dimension as well as activities and adaptation behaviour of individual holdings in metropolitan regions of the EU27 were analysed. Results...