The rapidly growing literature on the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth has not univocally identified the "real" causal relationship yet. We argue that bivariate models, which analyze the causality at the level of the total economy, are not appropriate - especially in...

This paper presents the methodology applied in the Deutsche Bundesbank's climate transition stress test for the German financial system, see Deutsche Bundesbank (2023). It discusses the construction of the transition scenarios underlying the analysis, including a long-run orderly scenario and a...

Climate-related risks arising from the transition to a low-carbon economy may expose potential vulnerabilities in the financial system. In this article, we develop and describe a set of tools for analysing these risks and apply them to the German financial system. The use of longterm, consistent...

Drawing on the Kaya identity, we assess the role of the main driver of the decline in carbon intensity, namely the (economic) energy intensity. Using meta-significance testing for a sample of 44 studies, dealing with the causality between energy and GDP, we find that both variables are strongly...

Persistently rising energy prices have revived interest in the economic impact of changing energy costs. We explore the effects of these costs on sectoral change, particularly in relation to the rise and future prospects of the service economy. Following Baumol's cost disease hypothesis,...

Using variance decompositions in vector auto-regressions (VARs) we model a high-dimensional network of European CDS spreads to assess the transmission of credit risk to the non-financial corporate sector. Our findings suggest a sectoral clustering in the CDS network, where financial institutions...

This report elucidates the risk channels for EU economies associated with international financial integration and provides an overview of the macroprudential policy options that are available to address these risks. It builds on the main insights from the rich academic literature developed...