Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose an economic production quantity (EPQ) inventory model considering imperfect items and probabilistic demand for a two-echelon supply chain. The production process is imperfect and the imperfect quality items are removed from the lot size. The...

Recently, the environment requires more emphasis on reverse logistics in order to maintain sustainability of the human civilization. The article introduces a sustainable model for reverse logistics that is based on two storage facility. Generally speaking, the essential commodities are...