A lot of policy interest and analysis has been focused on energy saving obligations on energy 5 distributors or suppliers (mainly electricity and gas)coupled with trading of certified energy savings via tradable white certificates. While in the European Union the Energy Services Directive...

This paper offers new insights into the definition, measurement and operationalisation of different dimensions of social vulnerability to road user charges, using unique data sets available in the UK. Assessing distributional effects of road pricing or congestion charging schemes requires...