Investors may find it challenging to invest due to economic fluctuations during COVID-19. This study aims to examine the relationship between economic fluctuations and the Indonesian sectoral stock market in the consumer goods sector (CGI), basic industrial and chemical sector (BIC), and...

This paper empirically examines the effectiveness of various counterinsurgency policies employed in Pakistan. The literature suggests that any counterinsurgency strategy can have three effects: deterrence, incapacitation, and vengeance. Violence will increase if the vengeance effect outweighs...

Abstract The 2011 National Nutrition Survey of Pakistan revealed that 51% of the country’s population was consuming less than 2,100 calories a day. In the backdrop of rising food insecurity, hunger, and malnutrition in Pakistan, this study aims to measure the effects of indirect taxation on...

This study is an attempt to explore the cost of unserved energy due to power outages in Pakistan that started in 2007. The study is based on a survey conducted for four major industrial cities of Punjab—Gujrat, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, and Sialkot. In addition to quantification of output...

For about a year now, Pakistan is facing the worst energy crisis of her history. If on one hand, the increase in the oil prices at the world level is severely affecting the common masses, on the other hand, the shortage of electricity is creating havoc in the country. Beside others, one...