Using the non parametric approach of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) this paper examines firm’s heterogeneity in the Indian pharmaceutical industry by measuring their input and output efficiencies for the period 1991 to 2005. The analysis establishes that even though firms have been able to...

In this paper, we propose a connection model for formation of networks having both positive and negative links. We define utility functions of a node and hence of a network by using balanced and unbalanced triads in the network. Further, using those utility functions we define strongly efficient...