A major challenge facing water utilities in the developing world is reducing water loss caused by leakage, theft, and improper billing. The difference between the amount of water put into the distribution system and that billed to consumers is known as Non-Revenue Water (NRW). The worldwide cost...

This report analyzes four water public private partnerships (PPPs) undertaken in Armenia between 2000 and 2016 and the start of a national water lease contract that began in January 2017. It provides an overview of each of the four first generation PPPs. It explains the steps taken by the...

Cyprus is one of the most water-scarce countries in the world. Starting in 1960, massive dam development was carried out under the motto "not a drop of water lost to the sea." This supply-side policy proved its limit after two major droughts hit the island in 1997-2000 and 2008-09. This pushed...

Despite being one of the most water scarce countries in the world, Israel has achieved water security and full cost recovery through tariffs through a series of ambitious reforms. This involved nine key innovations, namely (1) putting in place a national water conveyance system to connect all...

This study provides objective information and analysis on the performance of public-private partnerships (PPP) projects in urban water supply and sanitation in developing countries. It reviews the spread of urban water PPP projects during the past 15 years, and assesses whether and how they have...