Our empirical study provides the first insights of executive staffing practice patterns in foreign-owned multinational company (MNC) subsidiaries based in Japan. We explore determinants for parent country nationals (PCN) as top managing directors and - new in the International Human Resource...

Drawing from the knowledge-based view of MNCs and the upper echelon perspective, we examine the relationship between top management characteristics of MNC affiliates and affiliate performance. Using a sample of 643 foreign MNC affiliates operating in Japan, we found that when the length of an...

This paper shows stochastic versions of (i) Michel's (1990, Econometrica 58, 705--723, Theorem 1) necessity result , (ii) a generalization of the TVC results of Weitzman (1973, Manage. Sci. 19, 783--789) and Ekeland and Scheinkman (1986, Math. Oper. Res. 11, 216--229), and (iii) Kamihigashi's...