In applied measurement, test scores are usuallytransformed to decisions. Analogous to classicaltest theory, the reliability of decisions has been definedas the consistency of decisions on a test and aretest or on two parallel tests. Coefficient kappa(Cohen, 1960) is used for assessing the...

The problem of mastery decisions and optimizingcutoff scores on criterion-referenced tests is considered.This problem can be formalized as an (empirical)Bayes problem with decisions rules of amonotone shape. Next, the derivation of optimalcutoff scores for threshold, linear, and normal ogiveloss...

Emrick’s model is a latent class or state modelfor mastery testing that entails a simple rule forseparating masters from nonmasters with respect toa homogeneous domain of items. His method forestimating the model parameters has only restrictedapplicability inasmuch as it assumes a mixing...