Earnings asymmetric timeliness in recognizing losses versus gains is the most commonly used measure of conditional accounting conservatism. However, this measure captures both accrual asymmetric timeliness and operating cash flow (CFO) asymmetric timeliness. Because cash flow asymmetry is not...

Protecting value-relevant information is becoming increasingly important and challenging as we move towards a knowledge-based economy and partners along the supply chain are more closely intertwined. We document three customer-supplier characteristics (i.e., customer R&D intensity, patent...