Since the introduction of rubber at the turn of the 20th century smallholders have developed an original complex agroforestry system called jungle rubber in which non selected young rubber trees (seedlings) are managed extensively alongside secondary forest re-growth. The issue of improving...

As with cocoa a combination of available land and centres with fairly dense population is a prerequisite for a boom. But in the case of rubber the boom has been far more progressive than that for cocoa due to 3 main factors. Firstly, Sumatra and Kalimantan islands were almost empty at the turn...

The aim of this chapter is to describe changes in the Indonesian jungle rubber system from the angle of the production of innovation by farmers themselves (indigenous knowledge) and the process of integration of external technical innovations in an overall process of creation of innovation. In...