We give an elementary proof of the celebrated Bichteler-Dellacherie Theorem which states that the class of stochastic processes $S$ allowing for a useful integration theory consists precisely of those processes which can be written in the form $S=M+A$, where $M$ is a local martingale and $A$ is...

We propose a nonparametric estimator of the empirical distribution function (EDF) of the latent spot variance of the log-price of a financial asset. We show that over a fixed time span our realized EDF (or REDF)-inferred from noisy high-frequency data-is consistent as the mesh of the observation...