-temporal arbitrage opportunities, but these opportunities remain largely unexploited: small-scale farmers are commonly observed to "sell … low and buy high" rather than the reverse. In a field experiment in Kenya, we show that credit market imperfections limit …

-temporal arbitrage opportunities, but these opportunities remain largely unexploited: small-scale farmers are commonly observed to "sell … low and buy high" rather than the reverse. In a field experiment in Kenya, we show that credit market imperfections limit …

This paper looks at the existing credit programs for smallholders, including agrarian reform beneficiaries (ARBs). It … retailers. Moreover, the study determines specific gaps and issues related to meeting the credit needs of smallholders and … identifies possible strategic interventions by both government and the private sector that can enhance smallholders' access to …