One of the key lessons of the crisis which began in 2007 has been the need to strengthen the risk coverage of the capital framework. In response, the Basel Committee in July 2009 completed a number of critical reforms to the Basel II framework which will raise capital requirements for the...

Due to the advanced technology associated with Big Data, data availability and computing power, most banks or lending institutions are renewing their business models. Credit risk predictions, monitoring, model reliability and effective loan processing are key to decision-making and transparency....

1 Introduction -- 2. Financial Institutions : A Regulation review through the Risk Measurement prism -- 3. The Traditional Risk measures -- 4. Univariate and Multivariate Distributions -- 5. Extensions for Risk Measures: Univariate and Multivariate Approaches -- 6. Risks Measures and Dynamics --...

This paper discusses the regulatory requirement (Basel Committee, ECB-SSM and EBA) to measure financial institutions' major risks, for instance Market, Credit and Operational, regarding the choice of the risk measures, the choice of the distributions used to model them and the level of...