We study European options on the ratio of the stock price to its average and viceversa. Some of these options are traded in the Australian Stock Exchange since 1992, thus we call them Australian Asian options. For geometric averages, we obtain closed-form expressions for option prices. For...

This paper reformulates the stochastic string model of Santa-Clara and Sornette (2001) using stochastic calculus with continuous semimartingales. We present some new results, such as: a) the dynamics of the short-term interest rate, b) the PDE that must be satisfied by the bond price, and c) an...