Whether the bank-firm relationship and political connections are the substitutes, or the complements is the well-researched question on an empirical research level on credit availability. This paper studies the influences of the bank-firm relationship and political connection on firm's access to...

According to Kremp and Sevestre (2013), French firms did not suffer from credit restriction during the period 2004-2010. This study seeks to identify the benefits of bank-firm relationships when credit is unconstrained. By using a unique set of data collected from a French relationship bank...

We examine the effect of the introduction of the euro on the level of systemic risk for countries that adopted the common currency (euro-zone countries). Our measure of systemic risk is ∆CoVaR, introduced by Adrian and Brunnermeier (2010). We analyze the 1990-2010 period, use a large...