The European agricultural sectors and the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) face the triple challenge of productivity increase to meet increasing demands for food, fibre and energy, pressing public policy issues regarding public health and nutrition and the public good components of agricultural...

Context: Resilience is the ability to deal with shocks and stresses, including the unknown and previously unimaginable, such as the Covid-19 crisis. Objective: This paper assesses (i) how different farming systems were exposed to the crisis, (ii) which resilience capacities were revealed and...

Pharmaceutical Companies are highly globalized. This widening of drug markets leads to an erosion of the national government's legislative powers. With trials and marketing of compounds and pharmaceuticals carried out in different countries, ensuring safety and effectiveness of drugs becomes...

In this case the ECJ emphasizes that public authorities may issue warnings about foodstuffs that are no risk to consumers’ health, but are unsafe as they are unfit for human consumption. The Court backs up its reasoning by the wording of Art. 17 (2) of Regulation No 178/2002, which allows...

From the point of internal market regulation, the Artegodan saga is one of the most interesting set of cases to study in recent times. These cases can be looked at – and have been looked at – in many different ways. Given the enormous body of literature that the Artegodan saga has sparked in...

On 12 April 2018, the European Commission published a Proposal for a directive on unfair trading practices in business-to-business relationships in the food supply chain, COM(2018) 173 final (‘UTPD’). Currently, the European Parliament and the Council review the proposal. In this paper, we...

New Plant Breeding Technologies (NPBTs), including CRISPR gene editing, are being widely used and drive the development of new crops. However, these new technologies are not undisputed, creating uncertainty in how applications of these technologies for agricultural and food uses will be...

Regulators legislate businesses’ use of claims on product packaging by mostly focusing on textual claims and the extent to which they could potentially mislead consumers. Interpreting textual claims generally requires consumers to engage in extensive and deliberate processing (so-called type 2...

Behavioural forms of regulation, e.g. nudging and debiasing, increasingly take centre stage in regulatory agendas and are making their way into consumer law. In order to warrant for an effective implementation from a legal point of view, findings from behavioural sciences need to confirm with...

This piece assesses whether nudging techniques can be argued to be a less restrictive but equally effective way to regulate diets in EU law. It has been argued that nudging techniques, due to their freedom-preserving nature, might influence the proportionality test in such a way that authorities...