Syrian crisis started as a domestic uprising against President Bashar-ul-Assad, and soon engulfed not only the neighbouring states, but also extraregional great powers. This study tries to anatomise the crisis by addressing the nature of the actors lying at domestic, regional, and system levels,...

Cyber sovereignty means that states have authority within a fixed boundary to devise rules, laws, and norms about behaviour of individuals, institutions, applications, and other actors and factors in the cyberspace. This idea is intrinsically associated with information security propagated by...

China claims that it’s rise is different from other great powers: a benign and responsible power striving for just order and peaceful development. This paper raises question that why has China resorted to soft power mechanisms? What are the strategies that it employs to project soft image? And...

How does leadership in the United States affect its foreign policy decision-making towards Pakistan? Using the poliheuristic theory of decision-making, this paper explores how idiosyncratic factors such as leaders’ perceptions, past experiences, and ideological orientations – along with the...

This paper delineates US national interest vis-a-vis Pakistan. First it is ensuring Pakistan's integrity, because of its geostrategic position. Collapse of Pakistan as a state would cause regional mayhem and would be detrimental for US regional and global interest. Second interest is ensuring...

From being one of the biggest proponents of non- alignment to becoming a state aspiring to be a regional hegemon, India has gone through a huge doctrinal transformation in its strategic thinking. This paper addresses evolution of this transformation while detailing major military doctrines such...

How do leaders’ idiosyncrasies are developed, and how do these, in turn, impact their political behaviour? This study traces the idiosyncratic behaviour of Presidents Andrew Jackson and Donald Trump. It details four historical traditions – Hamiltonian, Wilsonian, Jeffersonian, and...

Twenty-first century has seen a rise of populism resulting into downgrading the quality of democracies in several states including the United States, Britain, Italy, Brazil, South Africa, India, Turkey, the Philippines, and Pakistan. States’ transformation from authoritarianism to liberal...

This paper deals with the causal relation between military spending and economic growth of a state. There are three schools of thought on this issue: military spending promotes economic growth; it retards economic growth; and there exists no causal relations between the two. Pakistan’s...