We examine how monitoring reduces incentives of companies to bias reported internal rates of return in CDM projects. These estimates serve as a criterion for admission into a United Nations program that grants tradable carbon emissions permits for carbon-reducing projects in developing...

Purpose: With shortening product life cycles and an increasing number of product variants, manufacturing firms perform more production ramp-ups. In this context, learning is crucially important to quickly achieve high production process quality and stability. The paper aims to discuss this...