Increasing numbers of decisions about everyday life are made using algorithms. By algorithms we mean predictive models (decision rules) captured from historical data using data mining. Such models often decide prices we pay, select ads we see and news we read online, match job descriptions and...

Smart cities are urban areas where large amounts of data are collected using sensors to enable a range of processes in the cities to run smoothly. However, the use of data is only legally and ethically allowed if the data is gathered and processed in a proper manner. It is not clear to many...

The commodification of digital identities is an emerging reality in the data-driven economy. Personal data of individuals represent monetary value in the data-driven economy and are often considered a counter performance for “free” digital services or for discounts for online products and...

Privacy is an increasingly important aspect surrounding the introduction of road pricing in the Netherlands. Different systems for monitoring vehicles result in different consequences for privacy. This contribution describes the privacy aspects in the different scenarios used by the Dutch...

The legal basis for processing personal data and some other types of Big Data is often the informed consent of the data subject involved. Many data controllers, such as social network sites, offer terms and conditions, privacy policies or similar documents to which a user can consent when...

The emergence of Big Data has amounted to the complexity of the discussion on data reuse. The benefits of Big Data lie in the possibilities to discover novel trends, patterns and relationships by combining very large amounts of data from different sources. Current personal data protection...

Social media platforms employ inferential analytics methods to guess user preferences and may include sensitive attributes such as race, gender, sexual orientation, and political opinions. These methods are often opaque, but they can have significant effects such as predicting behaviors for...

This article explores consumer perceptions of different grounds by which online prices can be personalised. We conducted a survey among Dutch consumers (n = 727) presenting them with 25 segmentation bases, drawing from legally permissible and legally prohibited grounds. We then ranked these...

Extracting profiles and other hidden knowledge from large amounts of data via techniques like data mining and machine learning is often regarded as an input-output process in which knowledge (i.e., profiles) are extracted from raw data. In this provocation, a different perspective is taken, in...