As wolf populations expand across Europe, many countries face challenges in finding ways to address the concerns of some elements among the rural stakeholders who are being asked to share their landscapes with wolves for the first time in several generations. In these recovery landscapes, wolves...

This chapter focuses on situations where international legal instruments for wildlife conservation are faced with developments that are clearly within their scope of application but were nevertheless unforeseen when the instruments were drafted. International wildlife law covers a subject matter...

This study concerns the definition and implementation of the precautionary principle under general, or customary, international law. A search for patterns and common denominators in state practice resulted in the following definitions of a right and a duty which states are deemed to have under...

In Europe, as elsewhere, climate change is adding significant new challenges to the many threats already faced by wild flora and fauna, the ecosystems of which they are part, and biological diversity (biodiversity) at large. The composition of ecosystems is profoundly affected, as species’...

In Europe, species and ecosystems struggle to cope with severe human pressures in heavily fragmented landscapes extending across a large number of comparatively small states. This makes the conservation of European biodiversity a challenging enterprise, and the need for transboundary cooperation...

There is general agreement that representative and ecologically coherent networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) should be created to maintain biodiversity and to conserve specific species, habitats and ecological processes. This article addresses the contribution that is made by the...

This article reviews the Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats and the European Union's Wild Birds and Habitats Directives from the perspective of the need to help nature adapt to climate change in order to attain biodiversity conservation goals. It...

This article focuses on the role of international law with respect to migratory seabird conservation in polar ocean areas in the light of climate change. It blends several topical international law challenges, particularly a convergence of the classical challenge of migratory bird conservation...

Leopard (Panthera pardus) conservation has a strong international dimension. Hunting trophy export quotas established for African range states under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) are a case in point. We test these quotas, and the methods for their...