Introduction: The investigation of pedestrian dynamics is important as cities continue to develop facilities for high volume foot traffic. Important insights into speed-density relationships, flow patterns, boundary effects and critical states have been derived from experimental studies....

Although commercial space is often included with underground pedestrian transport links, viability is uncertain with no established methods for predicting patronage. This study examines whether pedestrian vitality, measured as corridor pedestrian volume (PV), and shop type (ST) have effects on...

Although commercial space is often included with underground pedestrian transport links, viability is uncertain with no established methods for predicting patronage. This study examines whether pedestrian vitality, measured as corridor pedestrian volume (PV), and shop type (ST) have effects on...