This paper provides practical guidance for researchers who are designing and analyzing studies that randomize schools - which comprise three levels of clustering (students in classrooms in schools) - to measure intervention effects on student academic outcomes when information on the middle...

We explore the use of instrumental variables (IV) analysis with a multisite randomized trial to estimate the effect of a mediating variable on an outcome. We use a random-coefficient IV model that allows both the impact of program assignment on the mediator (compliance with assignment) and the...

The present paper, which is intended for a diverse audience of evaluation researchers, applied social scientists, and research funders, provides a broad overview of the conceptual and statistical issues involved in using multisite randomized trials to learn about and from variation in program...