The CJEU’s Schrems judgment of October 2015, besides declaring the European Commission’s Decision on the EU-US ‘Safe Harbour’ data transfer regime invalid, has also settled a number of crucial requirements corresponding to the foundations of EU data protection. In less than one year from...

The CJEU's Schrems judgment of October 2015, besides declaring the European Commission's Decision on the EU-US 'Safe Harbour' data transfer regime invalid, has also settled a number of crucial requirements corresponding to the foundations of EU data protection. In less than one year from the...

This study analyses the interactions between EU and regional trade patterns and trends in EU manufacturing on the one hand, and the influence of industrial and regional competitiveness factors on trade and industrial developments, on the other. The study specifically reviews theories on the...

This study analyses the interactions between EU and regional trade patterns and trends in EU manufacturing on the one hand, and the influence of industrial and regional competitiveness factors on trade and industrial developments, on the other. The study specifically reviews theories on the...

This Cost of Non-Europe Report, prepared for the European Parliament's Committee on International Trade, analyses the economic added value of international trade. Aimed at feeding into on-going debates about the roles of globalisation and the rules-based multilateral trade system, it presents an...

After a public consultation on proposed reforms to investment protection and the investor-dispute settlement framework of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) with the United States of America, the European Parliament requested the replacement of the traditional arbitration...

The negotiations on a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the EU and the USA aim at achieving a comprehensive trade agreement with renewed liberalisation efforts in trade, services and investments, while at the same time aiming at regulatory cooperation and rule-based...

The calculation of the dumping margin is fundamental for two reasons in antidumping investigations: firstly it is a fundamental requirement for the introduction of an antidumping measure; in order to find dumping the dumping margin has to be greater than de minimis (i.e. less than 2%); secondly...

Trade relations between the EU and Latin American countries have come back into the spotlight in recent years. Collectively, the countries forming the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) represent the fifth largest trading partner of the EU. The EU has concluded agreements...

The foreign direct investment (FDI) stocks of EU entities in the US and of US entities in the EU both amount to over €1.6 trillion. Investment access and protection is therefore critical to EU-US economic relations. On both sides of the Atlantic, criticism has been growing regarding the...