This paper studies the economic role of Sepah (The Guardians of Revolution) in the Iranian Economy. It discusses the relationship of Sepah and the indeterminate property rights, parastatal sector and the confiscatory regime under the Islamic republic of Iran.

An increase in energy prices will decrease fossil fuel consumption; on the other hand, the cost-push will encourage technology improvement for firms and households. These changes will affect the emission level. This paper studies the changes in yearly pollutant emissions after an energy price...