English Abstract: This chapter aims at finding the optimal tariff rates for Save-Salafchegan-Tehran-Pardis-Chaloos-Karaj Highways. In so doing, I use Small-Yan index to expand the optimal function around the point of gravity. Using real time data, the model’s parameters have been calibrated....

An increase in energy prices will decrease fossil fuel consumption; on the other hand, the cost-push will encourage technology improvement for firms and households. These changes will affect the emission level. This paper studies the changes in yearly pollutant emissions after an energy price...