Euro Area member states have agreed to introduce a structural budget balance target to their national legislation (Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance). However, there exists no commonly agreed methodology to calculate this macroeconomic indicator. This report presents the...

We investigate both theoretically and empirically the relationship between economic expansion and the degree of formalization of the Brazilian labor market in the recent period. Based on search models, we present a theoretical framework that attempts to explain the recent increase in the share...

Entre o final de janeiro de 1961 e 31 de março de 1964, o Brasil viveu um período de singular turbulência política, assistiu a única experiência parlamentarista da era republicana, teve três presidentes, cinco chefes de governo e seis ministros da Fazenda. A rotação no comando da...

Työssä tutkitaan suhdannevaihteluiden symmetriaa Ruotsin ja sen kauppakumppanien välillä 1800-luvulla. Tutkimuksessa pyritään tuomaan esille ajassa tapahtuvan muutoksen merkitys suhdannevaihteluiden symmetriakehitykselle. Ajassa tapahtuneen muutoksen lisäksi kiinnitetään huomio...

In order to shed light on the consequences of the ongoing financial crisis, ETLA conducted two surveys at the end of October 2008. The firm survey targeted firms employing at least 10 persons in Finland (2,017 observations with a response rate of 33%) and the consumer survey targeted...

This paper describes the main features of a model developed for fore-casting economic developments, energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions in the EU area and Finland as well as for simulating the economic impacts of EU climate policy. Climate policy analysis necessitates a model of the whole...

Kioton pöytäkirjassa YK:n ilmastosopimukseen määritellään Euroopan unionille kasvihuonepäästöjen tavoitteeksi kahdeksan prosentin vähennys vuoteen 1990 verrattuna. Euroopan unionin sisäisessä taakanjaossa Suomelle sovittu kaavailtu kasvihuonepäästöjen tavoite on nollakasvu vuoteen...