Finnish businesses face fewer financial challenges than their European peers. To the extent financial challenges do exist, they disproportionately affect young, small, innovative, internationally focused, and growth-seeking companies. Our findings are based on extensive firm-level data. The data...

Finnish businesses face fewer financial challenges than their European peers. To the extent financial challenges do exist, they disproportionately affect young, small, innovative, internationally focused, and growth-seeking companies. Our findings are based on extensive firm-level data. The data...

A Central Counterparty (CCP) is an entity that interposes itself between transacting counterparties – a seller vis-à-vis the original buyer and a buyer vis-à-vis the original seller – to guarantee execution of the transaction. Thus, the original transacting parties substitute their...

In this paper we study the relation between firm-level disclosure quality and the availability of external finance to firms. Using data on Finnish firms that are mostly private and small, we first estimate ‘excess growth’ made possible by external finance. We then show that the excess growth...

The study examines the relationship between firm size and its management's subjectively perceived growth constraints and financing limitations. Additionally, it explores Finland's business size dynamics and their development from 2008 to 2022. The results indicate that company size transitions...

The study examines the relationship between firm size and its management's subjectively perceived growth constraints and financing limitations. Additionally, it explores Finland's business size dynamics and their development from 2008 to 2022. The results indicate that company size transitions...

Empirical equilibrium search models have attracted a growing interest in recent years. Estimation of such models has not been completely successful, however. This has led researchers to develop more sophisticated versions of the models, in an attempt to get a better fit to the data. This study...