We assess the potential impact of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) based on the European Commission's proposal presented in 2021. The CBAM products are divided into four categories: cement, fertilizers, iron and steel products, and aluminium products. In terms of production and...

This report employs individual-level register data to study the coverage and amounts of voluntary term life insurances, the monetary losses following from the death of a breadwinner, and the life insurance gap arising as the difference of the two. The data include information on the life...

This project investigated how register data on daily working hours and hospital patients can be used to measure the workload of healthcare personnel and to study its relationship with different work features. We used econometric analysis to measure the average labor requirement of different...

In this report, we analyze the Finnish R&D tax incentive scheme of the years 2013 and 2014. Under the scheme, firms were eligible for double corporate tax deduction incentive on labor expenses incurred for undertaking R&D activities. Our report consists of a literature review, an empirical...

In this study we analyse the development of business investments in Finland and in other countries of comparison on the basis of national accounts, survey data and a sector-level general equilibrium model. According to the results, the decline in investments in Finland is mainly explained by two...

In the report we analyse the reasons for the weakness of Finland’s economic performance over the past decade and assess the growth prospects in the coming 5 years. The weakness of Finland’s performance relative to comparative EU-countries since 2009 can largely be explained by the collapse...

In this study, we have analysed the role of the largest companies in the Finnish economy. According to the results, the list of ten largest companies in terms of their domestic value added is diverse and includes companies operating in the manufacturing industry, the service industry, as well as...

In this paper, we describe key problems of the current EU's fiscal framework and offer constructive alternatives to reforming it. A comprehensive reassessment of the rules is necessary, as the development of the rules has reached an impasse for both political and technical reasons. In our view,...

This report discusses factors that have caused a decrease in tangible investments in machinery and equipment, and intangible assets in Finland. A decline in the R&D investments of the electronics industry practically entirely explains a decrease in investments in Finland, which has prolonged the...

In this paper, we study service exports by Finnish companies,with a special focus on their EU trade. We use a register-based dataset of all Finnish service export firms. We find that service export growth has been fast. In 2010–2017, Finland's service export volume grew by more than 50%, which...