This study analyses how linking emissions trading systems affects the economical aspects of climate policy at both national and international levels. The analysis focuses on cost-efficiency, distribution between participants, competitiveness and emissions targets. In addition we examine how...

This paper describes the main features of a model developed for fore-casting economic developments, energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions in the EU area and Finland as well as for simulating the economic impacts of EU climate policy. Climate policy analysis necessitates a model of the whole...

This report examines the allocation of Finland's green transition and digitalization-related subsidies on an an- nual basis. The analysis utilizes the business subsidy in- formation service system maintained by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment, which provides com- prehensive data...

Finland's Strategic Programme for a Circular Economy seeks to increase both resource productivity and circular material use rate twofold by 2035. Evidence suggests that current policies may not be adequate to reach these targets. Consequently, greater efforts are needed to bridge the gap. The...

This report examines the allocation of Finland's green transition and digitalization-related subsidies on an an- nual basis. The analysis utilizes the business subsidy in- formation service system maintained by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment, which provides com- prehensive data...

Finland's Strategic Programme for a Circular Economy seeks to increase both resource productivity and circular material use rate twofold by 2035. Evidence suggests that current policies may not be adequate to reach these targets. Consequently, greater efforts are needed to bridge the gap. The...

The importance of our forests is growing. Forest industry has retained its vital position within Finnish economy, and it seems reasonable to assume our forests' value added will contribute to Finland's wealth also far into the future. Of more recent interest is the value of forests being...