This study analyses how linking emissions trading systems affects the economical aspects of climate policy at both national and international levels. The analysis focuses on cost-efficiency, distribution between participants, competitiveness and emissions targets. In addition we examine how...

The new era of geopolitics and geoeconomy significantly alters the economic landscape and the operating environment. It is already clear that industrial policies and barriers to international trade increasingly influence the location of investment decisions. These trends challenge the...

This study analyses those country characteristics, which lead those regions to become as productive operation and innovation environments for firms and research centres. This study shows that those countries who invest wisely to develop their innovation environment will be successful in high...

The study deals with the theory and measurement of competitiveness. The basic theory of firm implies that under constant returns to scale the unit cost of production can be used to measure the marginal cost of production and to model the impact of competitiveness on the market share of a firm....

This study analyses those country characteristics, which lead those regions to become as productive operation and innovation environments for firms and research centres. This study shows that those countries who invest wisely to develop their innovation environment will be successful in high...

The new era of geopolitics and geoeconomy significantly alters the economic landscape and the operating environment. It is already clear that industrial policies and barriers to international trade increasingly influence the location of investment decisions. These trends challenge the...

The importance of our forests is growing. Forest industry has retained its vital position within Finnish economy, and it seems reasonable to assume our forests' value added will contribute to Finland's wealth also far into the future. Of more recent interest is the value of forests being...

The importance of our forests is growing. Forest industry has retained its vital position within Finnish economy, and it seems reasonable to assume our forests' value added will contribute to Finland's wealth also far into the future. Of more recent interest is the value of forests being...

The report analyses the impacts of globalization on competitiveness of national economies, industries and firms. The focus is in mechanical and electrical engineering and machinery. Global division of labor has significantly changed over the past few decades when the large emerging economies -...

EU's trade sanctions against Russia came into force 1.8.2014. Sanctioned products were exported to Russia at a value of 22 billion euros during the time period 2001-2017. The most important exporting countries were Ukraine, China, South Korea, Germany and the United States. Exports of banned...