This report presents the findings of the support study of the evaluation of Regulation (EU) No 913/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 concerning a European rail network for competitive freight (the "Regulation"). The Regulation establishes rules for...

This report presents the findings of the support study for the ex-post evaluation of the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) Directive 2010/40/EU commissioned by DG MOVE under contract MOVE/B4/SER/2016-237. The work was performed by Ricardo Energy & Environment and TEPR between November 2017 and...

Multilateral trade negotiations limited to agriculture started again in March 2000. Set out in Article 20 of the Agreement on Agriculture, they are among the WTOs built-in agenda commitments which Member countries entered into when signing the Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round...

The purpose of this research is to examine whether there is common legislation and common policies in each Member State as well as in each of the candidate countries of the European Union to guarantee the right to defence and fair legal procedures. The study therefore analyses the domestic...

This study is essentially an updated version of two earlier texts in this series: Tax Competition in the European Union (ECON 105 of October 1998) and Tax Co-ordination in the European Union (ECON 125 of January 2001). It covers much of the same ground as these studies, but takes into account...

The recent financial crises in Asia, Russia and Latin America have focussed attention on the effectiveness of the world's 'financial architecture'. The freeing of capital movements and the globalisation of markets have boosted economic growth; but also increased instability and systemic risk....

Prospects for the European Union and the Euro Area look sound, but there is a risk of a significant slowdown in the US. Central banks in the European Union should stand ready to offset any deflationary impacts from abroad. The appreciation of the Euro and lower oil prices should help moderate...

This note intends to present the most recent facts and figures on trafficking in women and children. It will define the main concepts related to this issue, then present the data available and the causes often proposed to account for this phenomenon and finally the actions taken by the EU in...

Cette étude a été demandée par La Commission des Affaires Juridiques du Parlement européen.

This study looks at the u0080 from a number of different angles. It first examines the theoretical basis for a single currency area in Europe; and then outlines the history of that single currency's creation, from the 'snake' in the 1970s to the introduction of u0080 notes and coins at the...